Independence in 1947 had nothing to do with Gandhi or Bose. It was because in the Second World War Germany attacked England, and may possibly have conquered it but for American aid. And the Americans extracted their price, by pressurizing the British to give independence to India, so that the Indian market may be opened up for American investments too, and the raw materials in India may be available to U.S. industries too, instead of being monopolized by the British. This is the real meaning of 1947
